Panelists including Doug Wiele of shopping center owner/developer Foothill Partners in El Dorado Hills, CA and management consultant Peter Sealey of Los Altos Group in Los Altos, CA listed the strong forces exerting pressure on the profit margins of supermarket chains: Wal-Mart, Costco and other warehouse type retailers, ethnic grocery stores, upscale and specialty markets and a relatively new category, extreme value markets that often beat all the others on price although sometimes offering a more limited selection.

The result of all the new entrants into the supermarket game is that the so-called middle market is besieged on all sides by competitors that are skimming off either the high-end or the low-end shoppers—or grabbing middle-market shoppers by offering them better value than traditional grocery chains offer, the panelists said. But that still leaves a big middle market, says Mary Lou Fiala, president and COO of Jacksonville, FL-based Regency Centers, which owns about 400 grocery-anchored centers around the country. Fiala, and other panelists, agreed that some conventional grocery chains have already recognized that they must change in order to compete against the likes of Wal-Mart and Costco and some are doing it quite well. Of the approximately 400 grocery-anchored centers that Regency owns, Fiala said, 57 of them compete successfully with a Wal-Mart store that's within three miles of them.

Nonetheless, in some cases weaker conventional stores are being closed because of the competition from new players, but the closings don't always mean that shopping center owners are being left without solid grocery anchors. In many cases, ethnic markets or specialty grocers are willing to step in and take the same space that formerly was occupied by a traditional grocer, often with a store that generates higher sales.